the upper crust

Scientists call this layer of crust and upper mantle the lithosphere.

科学家称这层地壳和上部地幔为岩石圈.

Discussion on stress status in the upper crust, China Continent

对中国大陆地壳上部应力状态的讨论

Q value structure of the upper crust along the profile from Baicheng to Da Qaidam

拜城&大柴旦剖面的上地壳Q值结构

S-wave velocity structure of the middle and upper crust in the Yunnan region

云南地区地壳中上部横波速度结构研究

Fine structures of the upper crust and velocity distributions down to 10 km deep are obtained.

得到深度为10km范围的地壳浅层结构和速度分布。

Q-value structure of the upper crust in Changbaishan Mt. volcanic region

长白山天池火山区上地壳Q值结构

Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic data indicate that large amounts of mantle-derived granitoids and minor amounts of mafic-ultramafic complexes emplaced in the upper crust during late Carboniferous and Permian times ( 250 to 330 Ma).

Nd、Sr和Pb同位素资料表明，在330～250Ma的后碰撞期间，有大量的幔源花岗岩类和少量的镁铁&超镁铁杂岩在上地壳侵位。

A bimodal mixing model of the Archean upper crust

太古代上地壳的双峰式模型

There were a partial melting layer of the upper crust or magma chamber for circulation and deposition of copper-bearing hydrothermal fluids;

要有上地壳的部分熔融层或岩浆房，以提供含铜热液的循环沉淀条件；

The season was always an exclusive thing to which only the " upper crust " was admitted.

最初,英格兰夏日 排他性 很强,只有贵族阶层才可以参加.

Horizontal principal stress in the upper crust of China is due to the weight of the overburden rock beds themselves, the crustal temperature field as well as the compression of the plates.

地壳上部的水平主应力是上覆岩层自重、地壳温度场和板块挤压三种作用的结果。

A study on fine structure in the upper crust of Dukou and its adjacent regions

渡口及其邻近地区地壳浅层结构的研究

The upper crust of the Altun orogenic belt has a high average Q value ( about 500). It is likely caused by shallow depth of crystalline basement, outcrop of basement rocks, and slow attenuation of seismic wave.

阿尔金造山带上地壳的平均Q值较高（约500），这可能由于结晶基底埋藏较浅，基岩出露，因此地震波在此处传播能量衰减较慢所致。

Longitudinally, the upper crust structure in Jianghan-Dongting basins and their marginal orogenic belts does not change much, the middle and lower crust were generally transformed by modern tectonic activities, leading to certain changes in lithospheric structure.

在纵向尺度上，江汉-洞庭盆地以及周缘造山带的上地壳结构变化不大，中地壳和下地壳则普遍受到现今构造活动的改造，以致岩石的结构发生了一定的变化。

Study on relationship between rock PHYSICO-MECHANIC parameters and slipping layers of regional strata in the upper Yangtze crust

上扬子地壳区域性地层岩石物性力学参数与滑动层位关系研究

Most earthquakes ( M ≥ 6.0) distributed within transitional zones between high and low velocity area or high velocity area in the upper crust, the earthquakes in low velocity were minority.

M≥6.0地震大多数分布在上地壳高速区与低速区的交接地带或高速区，低速区内的地震活动相对较少；

Most of the Hong Kong upper crust may have lost big bucks in this folly.

在这次愚蠢的行动里,大多数香港上等地皮可能已经失去大幅反弹的机会.

Along deep faults, mantle primary water may automatically rise into the upper crust to mineralize there, or rise with magmatic melt, or even enter metamorphic belts to become part of the ore-bearing hydrothermal system.

地幔初生水可沿深大断裂自动上升到地壳浅部成矿，也可随岩浆熔体上升或进入变质带进而参加热液成矿系统。

Overall average Vp velocity of main hole of 2000m rook is 6. 2km/ s which is correspondent to conclusion with high velocity zone ( 6. 2-6. 3km/ s) of the upper crust in Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt inferred from geophysical methods.

主孔2000m总平均Vp速度为6.2km/s，它与地球物理探测方法获得的大别-苏鲁造山带上地壳具有6.2-6.3km/s高速层结论是一致的。

H2 and He may derive from igneous rocks in the upper crust according to their distribution and possible genetic mechanism.

根据H2和H e分布的地震地质特征和可能的形成机理，指出H2和H e可能主要来自上地壳的火成岩体。

Investigation has been made for the upper crust structure and seismotectonic environments in Yunnan Province by using the plentiful DSS data of the four profiles.

利用4条DSS丰富的测深资料，对云南地区上部地壳结构和地震构造环境进行了层析成像研究。

The upper crust and mantle lid are elastic in the duration of a few decades;

在延续数十年的情况下，上地壳以及岩石圈地幔都可能呈弹性状态；

It shows seismic evidences for the upper mantle upwelling and crust thinner in Panxi tectonic zone.

提供了攀西构造带上地幔隆起、地壳减薄的地震学证据。

The upper crust is mainly composed of slates, phyllites, schists, granulite of greenschist facies ( partly low-amphibolite facies) and granite intrusions, and sedimentary rocks at the top.

上地壳主要为绿片岩相（部分低角闪岩相）的板岩、千枚岩、片岩、变粒岩以及花岗岩组成，顶部为沉积盖层。

Three dimensional finite difference inversion method is used to obtain 3 D velocity structure of the upper crust in North China by means of Pg wave data from 30 deep seismic sounding ( DSS) profiles in the studied area.

通过对华北地区30条深地震测深剖面的Pg波三维有限差分速度层析成像反演，获得了该地区上部地壳的三维速度结构。

The results show that the crust and upper mantle structures present obvious lateral and vertical inhomogeneity.

结果表明,地壳上地幔结构在纵向和横向上具有明显的不均匀性.

Fine tomographic inversion of the upper crust 3-D structure around Beijing

北京地区上地壳三维细结构层析成像

Eton is a school that only the children of the upper crust can afford.

伊顿公学是一所只有上流社会的子弟才上得起的学校.

Average chemical composition of loess in china: as a good representative of the upper continental crust

中国黄土的平均化学成分：上部大陆地壳的一种典型代表

Flow and microstructural evolution of rocks in the upper crust: Evidence from naturally and experimentally deformed rocks

上部地壳岩石流动与显微构造演化&天然与实验岩石变形证据